Osvaldo Civirani (19 May 1917 — 20 February 2008) was an Italian still photographer, producer, director, cinematographer, screenwriter and author. Until 1963, Civirani worked mainly as still photographer on over two hundred films. From 1963 until 1976, Civirani produced and directed 20 films in such diverse genres as erotic mondo film, peplum, eurospy film, Spaghetti Western, costume drama, comedy, giallo, and exotic erotic drama. As author, he wrote two autobiographical books that were published in 1995 and 200